Antenna system for electric waves



Jan. 1, 1929. 1,697,133 w. NAUWERK El AL.

ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC WAVES Filed Oct. 31, 1921 WITNESSES: INVENTORS Patented Jan. a I I UNITED sTA 'Es PATENT OFFICE.

wan-rm; NAUw-EBK m rnmnmcn wanna, or BERLIN, GERMANY, Assnmons mo wnsrmcnonsn ELECTRIC a mumc'ronmo COMEANY, A conronamon or rmmsnvnma. 1

manna SYSTEM r013. nmcrmc waves. Application fled October 31, 1921, Serial No. 511,776, and .in Germany November 2, 1920.

The invention applies to an antenna-sys be used for finer adjustment of the self-in- 55 term for electric waves which permits of genducta-nce of the loop 7-, or as a coupling coil eral use, especially for telegraphic or telefor the gridor anode circuits of the Vacphonic communications on vehicles. The uum tube. A coilvi n. th plate circuit (not invention includes combining one or more shown) may co-operatc ith a to produce open antennae with one or more closed antenthe coupling. A condens b, with paralc0 nae. .As open antennae, we prefer the usual lel resistance w, is also conn cted to the grid antenna wires while loop antennae are most circuit for various purposes. For one, it suitable for the closed form. gives a definite bias on the grid and permits 10 It is an object of this invention to provide the sensitiveness of the vacuum tube to be ada radiating system which shall effectively justed at will. Also .it is likely to have an 65 use both the electrostatieand the magnetic advantageous effect in cases of repeated amcomponents of the radiation. plification by the same tube. A telephone It is a further object of this invention totransformer t is inserted directly in the anode combine into one radiating system a loop ancircuit. Of course, several tubes may be used tenna and an antenna of the open-circuit instead of a single one and these again may 70 type. be arranged for high or low-frequency amt is a further object of this system to proplification or for both. Heterodyne recepvide a radiating device which is particularly tion may be used, if desired, in connection adapted for use upon vehicles, especially with these antennae.

. where there is a conductor along-the wayside While no explanation of the reasons for 76 for communication ith such vehicles. the efliciency of this arrangement is given Other objects 0 this invention and dehere, it may be noted that the loop causes the tails of the construction employed will be particularly favorable coupling of the elecapparent from the following description and tromagnetic field while the open antenna rethe accompanying drawing, wherein 'ceives-the electrostatic waves. 80 Figure l is 'a diagram showing the ar- Such an arrangement is particularly suitrangement of the conductors in oneform of able on carriages or cars for-transmission to our device.- wires strung parallel to the wayside. The

30 Fig. 2 is an illustration of the antennae and effect probabl is that the loop brings about the wayside conductor, showing the same the electromag etic coupling with the conconnected to a sending apparatus, and ducting line, while the open antenna influ- Fig. 3 shows a modification of one of the ences or receives the electrostatic waves. antennae in. Fig. 2. The open antenna system may, in the case 35 As shown in the drawings, an open anof vehicles, consist of wires arranged above tenna a. is connected to the grid circuit of a the roof, along the sides,"or under the bottom vacuum-tube device 0 and is fitted, if reof the car, while one or more loop antennae quired, with an extension coil 8 and a shortmay also be fitted on the same or another car. ening condensor is. By means of these, the The wires of the open antenna are best ar- 4o antennae may be tuned to the incoming waves. ranged parallel to one another, the ends be- A closed antenna, comprising aloop 1', is coning all connected together orconnected m nected, to the grid circuit of the same tube. groups. The leads are preferably connected A tuning condenser C is connected across the to the center points of all or of some of the ends of the loop and may be regarded as conwires.

45 stituting a part of the closed antenna. Fig. 2 shows one form of the last mentioned As shown in the diagram the'wire of the arrangement. There a are the open wlres and open antenna is connected to the loop an risaloop. Both are connected to one or more tenna, while the tuning means of theopen vacuum tubes, as shown 1n Figure 2. The c1rantenna are connected to another point of the cuit arrangement shown in lgure 2 1s espeloop. Both antennae are thus connected in eially suitable for transmitting and, for this parallel to the grid circuit of the vacuum- -reas0n,the antennae are coupled to an oscillat- 1 5 tube device. At a suitable place, preferably ing circuit in the anode connection of the within the loop, an additional coil 2 may be vacuum tube 6. The favorable effect of this inserted for various purposes. The coils may arrangement is apparently due to the considerable increase of capacity in the antennae as com 'ared with the arrangement heretofore emp oyed on vehicles' By this means, a large antenna capacity, as compared to that of the condenser in the oscillating circuit of the anode connection, is successfully obtained,

and, for this reason, a great part of the oscillatory energy produced enters the antennae and is transferred from there to the line Z (Fig.

ure 2). Experience has shown that there is a limit beyond which increased capacity brings no increase of the desired result. In this case also, the open antenna will influence the electrostatic and the closed antenna the magnetic field. A special advantage of this arrangement is that a large amount of energy is delivered to the line Z, whatever the position of the antennae. Often this energy is of the same amount in all positions of the antennae. Instead of leading every single wire of the .open antennato the vacuum tube, all the wires can be connected together (Fig. 3) and the.

connecting wire be led to the generator of the oscillations. qt has been found to be of spe- The tuning appliances, as per Figure 1, besides lengthening or shortening the open antenna, have also the effect of adjusting the phase displacement of currents in the open antenna, relative to those in the closed antennae, which may be due especially to the difierent capacities or the self-inductances or to both in the different kinds of antennae.

It is also possible to use the combined antennae of this invention alternately for transmitting and receiving, by providing'corre sponding switches or by inserting multiple coupling appliances leading on the one side to the grid circuit and on the other to the anode circuit. In this arrangement, selective circuits may be insertcdbesides the oscillating circuits, or the oscillating circuits may simultaneously act as selective eireults.

We claim as our 1nvent1on:

A radiating circuit including an open ant tenna and a loop antenna connected together, an ad ustable reactance means 1n the open antenna upon the side of said connection opposite the free end of the open antenna, receiv- 1ng apparatus connected to the radlating en'- cuit and an adjustable capacity connected across the loop antenna between said receiving' device and the connection of the two antennae;

In testimony whereof we alfix our signatures. WALTER NAUWERK.

DR. FRIEDRICH WALTER. 

